1)
#!/usr/bin/python
i = raw_input()
print i
2)
#!/usr/bin/python
T = int(raw_input())
print "Range of t is", range(T)
for i in range(T):
print i
ans = 42
print "Case #%d: %d" % (i+1, ans)
3)
#!/usr/bin/python
T = int(raw_input())
for i in range(T):
line = raw_input()
N, J = line.split()
N, J = int(N), int(J)
print "N = %d, J = %d" % (N, J)
4)
#!/usr/bin/python
T = int(raw_input())
i = 1
while i<=T:
tmp = raw_input()
N = int (tmp.split()[0])
J = int (tmp.split()[1])
print N, J
print 2**N
print 2**N-1
print bin(2**N-1)
i +=1
5)
#!/usr/bin/python
#program 5
T = int(raw_input())
i = 1
while i<=T:
tmp = raw_input()
N = int (tmp.split()[0])
J = int (tmp.split()[1])
print N, J
print 2**N
print 2**N-1
print bin(2**N-1)
s = bin(2**N-1)[2:]
print int(s, 2)
print int(s, 3)
print int(s, 4)
print int(s, 10)
i+=1
6)
#!/usr/bin/python
#program 6
#defining functions
def factorial(n):
ret = 1
for i in range(n):
ret *= i+1
return ret
print factorial(5)
print factorial(4), factorial(3)